Headshaking in Horses

03 April 2025

Headshaking in horses is a distressing condition, which is typified by a sudden head movement in a vertical plane rather than what we would normally consider a shake of the head, is due to pain in the trigeminal nerve of the face. For some unknown reason, this nerve fires off at certain triggers, causing sudden pain to the horse. Affected horses may also snort violently, rub their nose and face and drag their muzzle on the ground. They can become dangerous to ride and are clearly suffering. It is usually manifest when being ridden and in rare cases, when being handled or just in the field.

There are many different things that can trigger a reaction: certain noises, wind, sunshine, dust, pollen, vibrations, bridle pressure, dental issues, ear problems and more. It has even been suggested poor riding can be a factor. It affects many different breeds and age of onset varies, but averages around 9 years. Geldings tend to be more affected than mares or stallions. It is often seasonal, being worse in spring and summer. There is thus no known cause and there is no effective cure, although certain strategies can help mitigate the effects of headshaking.

As with any condition that has no known cure, there are a multitude of suggested treatments, as so often happens when there is no effective go-to treatment. However, there does seem to be some consensus on a few mitigating options:

Avoid cereals;

Include lucerne/alfalfa in the diet as this reduces acidity and increases pH;

Increase omega 3 – full fat linseed is a good source;

Use a muzzle net;

No ryegrass;

Certain anti-histamines;

Magnesium and Boron supplementation;

Maintain good body condition, avoiding over weight.

The latest treatment and one with the most verified success is PENS, Percutaneous Electoral Nerve Stimulation. This is offered at The Royal Veterinary College (RVCS). It is successful for just over one third of horses and offers respite for 2 months to 2 years.

Until it is fully understood why the trigeminal nerve causes headshaking, it will remain a problem for the horse and the handler / rider. In the meantime, it is a matter of trial and error to find some relief for each individual.

As noted above, feeding lucerne / alfalfa is suggested. At Simple System we offer such feeds in different product formats and energy levels. Our lucerne range can be viewed here. Increasing omega 3 in the diet can also be of benefit. Adding Instant Linseed to the diet is a simple way of increasing essential omega 3.

For dietary advice, contact Simple System's Feed Line on 01728 604 008 or complete the online form to request a free Feed Plan for your horse.